Profile of the National Organization for Women (NOW)

Business and Society Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Business and Society - Assignment Example Development of businesses and enterprises in the cutting edge world assists with creating more noteworthy work openings and expands the per capita salary level of people (Elliot, 2011). In this way, the partnerships help to take care of business monetary government assistance of the people. Corporate social exercises of the advanced associations help to improve the nature of condition and society. Nonetheless, these organizations regularly use their own money related influence for controlling the approaches built up by the administrative specialists (Langeland, 2013). Such exercises are directed through the campaigning practices of the partnerships. In this manner, enterprises and companies in the cutting edge period have the ability to shape the political, social, social and prudent parts of the world. The greater part of the companies attempt to expand their benefit and income in business. Be that as it may, interesting systems of certain organizations make noteworthy effect on the social and financial condition of certain people. For example, Ben and Jerry, a well known frozen yogurt organization of United States gives broad consideration on social and natural improvement angles (Roach, 2007). In 2001, the organization had utilized all unbleached paperboard pints for bundling purposes. In its mainstream One Sweet Whirled campaign, the organization attempted to address over the issue of worldwide climatic change. Such social obligation related exercises of Ben and Jerry assists with improving the social and net government assistance across various economies (Roach, 2007). Mammoth global organizations, for example, Apple Inc., creates work open doors for a great many people. Nonetheless, campaigning practices of the worldwide organizations decreases social government assistance. Or ganizations like Samsung spend nearly $900,000 for controlling the media transmission property rights related guidelines presented by the Federal government (Langeland, 2013). Business, government and society are three profoundly interrelated factors in the present age.

Munchausen Syndrome Symptoms and Treatment

Munchausen Syndrome Symptoms and Treatment Psychotherapy Print Munchausen Syndrome Overview By Dawn Stacey, PhD, LMHC twitter linkedin Dawn Stacey, PhD, LMHC, is a published author, college professor, and mental health consultant with over 15 years of counseling experience. Learn about our editorial policy Dawn Stacey, PhD, LMHC Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 18, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 24, 2019 UpperCut Images/Getty Images More in Psychotherapy Online Therapy Munchausen syndrome is considered to be a mental disorder. People who have Munchausen syndrome will usually act as if they have a true physical or mental issue even though they are really not sick. This behavior does not just happen one time. A person with Munchausen syndrome will often frequently and purposely act like he or she is sick. Munchausen syndrome used to be its own disorder, but under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), it is now called factitious disorder imposed on self. This is a mental disorder where individuals deliberately create, complain of, or exaggerate symptoms of an illness that does not really exist. Their main intention is to assume the sick role to have people care for them and be the center of attention. Diagnosis Criteria Diagnosing Munchausen syndrome can be very hard because of all of the dishonesty associated with this disorder. Doctors must first rule out any possible physical and mental illnesses before considering a diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome. Additionally, in order to be diagnosed with Munchausen syndrome/factitious disorder imposed on self, the following four criteria must be met: Falsification of physical or psychological signs or symptoms, or induction of injury or disease, associated with identified deceptionThe individual presents himself or herself to others as ill, impaired, or injuredThe deceptive behavior is evident even in the absence of obvious external rewardsThe behavior is not better explained by another mental disorder, such as delusional disorder or another psychotic disorder Symptoms The main symptom shown in a person affected by factious disorder imposed on self (AKA Munchausen syndrome) is deliberate causing, misrepresenting, and/or exaggerating of symptoms (physical or psychological) when the person is not actually sick. They may suddenly leave a hospital and move to another area when it is discovered that they are not being truthful. People with Munchausen syndrome can be extremely manipulative, since the main symptom of this disorder has to do with deception and dishonesty. Additional symptoms may  include: Wanting others to view them as being sick or impairedFalsifying medical records to specify an illnessPhysically hurting themselves to cause an injuryDoing something to purposely injure  themselves in order to cause an illness (for example, drinking a poisonous substance to have a violent stomach reaction) Behavior Because an individual affected by factitious disorder imposed on self will deliberately try to cause an illness or injury, the following are some examples of behavior you may see in somebody who may be diagnosed with this disorder: Exaggeration of an actual injury that may lead to additional and unnecessary medical interventionComplaining about neurological symptoms (such as seizures, dizziness, or blacking out), the presence of which is difficult to determineReporting being depressed and suicidal following an event (like a death of a child) even though there was no death and/or the person does not even have a childManipulating a laboratory test (for example, by adding blood to urine or ingesting a medication) to obtain a false abnormal result Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy Both Munchausen syndrome and Munchausen syndrome by proxy are categorized as factitious disorders. With Munchausen syndrome, the person presents himself or herself to others as being sick, whereas with Munchausen syndrome by proxy, the person presents another individual as being ill or injured.This other individual, who can be a child, another adult, or pet, is considered to be a victim. A person affected by Munchausen syndrome by proxy may also be guilty of criminal behavior if his or her actions consist of abuse and/or maltreatment. Causes The exact cause of this disorder is not known. Due to the deception surrounding Munchausen syndrome, it is also not known exactly how many people are affected by it (but the number is expected to be very low). The onset of symptoms usually occurs in early adulthood, often after hospitalization for a medical condition. Unfortunately, this is a complex and poorly understood condition. One main theory of what causes this mental disorder is a history of abuse, neglect, or abandonment as a child. A person may have unresolved parental issues because of this trauma. These issues may, in turn, cause the individual to fake being sick. People may do this because they: Need to feel important and be the center of attentionHave a need to punish themselves by making themselves sick (because they feel unworthy)Need to pass responsibility for their welfare and care on to other people Effects of Childhood Trauma Another theory as to what causes Munchausen syndrome is if a person has a history of frequent or prolonged illnesses that required hospitalization (especially if this took place during childhood or adolescence). The rationale behind this theory is that individuals with Munchausen syndrome may associate their childhood memories with a sense of being taken care of. After becoming adults, they may try to achieve the same feelings of comfort and reassurance by pretending to be ill. There may also be a link between personality and factitious disorder imposed on self. This is because personality disorders are common in people with Munchausen syndrome. This disorder may stem from the person’s inner need to be seen as sick or disabled. It could also be due to the person having an insecure sense of their own identity. Individuals affected by this disorder are willing to go through extreme measures, such as undergoing painful or risky tests or operations in an attempt to gain the sympathy and special attention given to people who are truly sick. So pretending to be sick allows them to assume an identity that elicits support and acceptance from others. Admission to the hospital also gives these individuals a clearly defined place in a social network. Prognosis Factitious disorder imposed on self is a habitual condition, so it can be very difficult to treat. People with this disorder will often deny that they are faking symptoms, so they usually refuse to seek out or follow treatment. Because of this, the prognosis tends to be poor. Munchausen syndrome is associated with severe emotional difficulties. Individuals are also at risk for health problems or death because of their purposeful actions of trying to hurt themselves. They can suffer additional harm from complications associated with multiple tests, procedures, and treatments. Finally, people diagnosed with Munchausen syndrome are at a higher risk for substance abuse and suicide attempts. Warning Signs If you are concerned that someone you know may be affected by Munchausen syndrome, there are some warning signs that you can  look out for. The main sign is that the individual seems to always be complaining about and/or exaggerating symptoms of an illness. Additional warning signs can include: Presence of symptoms only when the person is alone or not being observedExtensive knowledge of hospitals and/or medical terminology (including textbook descriptions of illnesses)Extensive but inconsistent medical historyComplaints of new or more symptoms following negative test resultsProblems with identity and self-esteemReluctance or unwillingness to allow medical professionals to meet with or talk to family, friends, or past medical providersAmbiguous symptoms that are not able to be controlled and become even more severe or change after beginning treatmentWillingness or eagerness to go to the hospital as well as undergo medical tests, operations, and proceduresHistory of obtaining treatment at several hospitals, clinics, and doctors offices (possibly in different cities or zip codes) Treatment Although individuals with Munchausen syndrome may actively obtain treatment for the numerous disorders they create, these individuals typically do not want to admit to and seek treatment for the actual syndrome. People affected with factitious disorder imposed on self deny they are faking or causing their own symptoms, so obtaining treatment tends to be dependent on somebody else suspecting that the person has this disorder, persuading the individual to receive treatment, and encouraging the person to stick to treatment goals. The main treatment goal for Munchausen syndrome is to change the persons behavior and lessen the misuse/overuse of medical resources. Treatment usually consists of psychotherapy (mental health counseling). During treatment sessions, the therapist may try to challenge and change the thinking and behavior of the person (this is known as cognitive-behavioral therapy). Therapy sessions may also try to uncover and address any underlying psychological issues that may be causing the persons behavior. During treatment, it is more realistic to have the person work toward managing the syndrome as opposed to trying to cure it. A therapist may try to encourage these individuals to avoid dangerous medical procedures as well as unnecessary hospital admissions. Medication is typically not used in the treatment of Munchausen syndrome. If the person is also suffering from anxiety or depression, a doctor may prescribe medication. If this is the case, it is important to closely monitor these individuals because of the higher likelihood of using these medications to purposely hurt themselves. In addition to individual therapy, treatment may also include family therapy. Teaching family members how to properly respond to a person diagnosed with Munchausen syndrome can be helpful. The therapist can teach family members not to reward or reinforce the behavior of the person with the disorder. This may make lower the individuals’ need to appear sick since they may no longer be receiving the attention they are seeking.

Research Methods - 793 Words

Research Methods Jessica February 2012 What is the difference between direct and indirect observational methods of research? Direct observation is when researchers observe the behavior while it is occurring. Indirect (unobtrusive) observation is when researchers examine physical traces and archival records. (Zechmeister, Zechmeister, amp; Shaughnessy 2001) Direct observation of behavior can be seen in simply psychology: question and answer, as well as simple observation of a person’s daily activities. The researcher can choose to change the atmosphere, or change the study to intervene and observe the changes, while indirect observations main goal is to be unseen and non-influential on the behavior that is being observed as to take†¦show more content†¦He has not looked into if this study has been performed before, or any other studies like it. And, as I said before, he doesn’t have any background information on the subjects themselves, which isn’t exactly necessary, but could be helpful in hi s conclusion. He comes up with a quick and inadequate hypothesis and then jumps into testing this with his experiment. His experiment is short lived and, though it gives him positive results, these are the results he was looking for. There in lies another bias problem. He went into the experiment, observing others behavior as well as his own, wanting a certain outcome. Rather than creating a useful test study he created a game for himself. He most likely felt that he NEEDED to have the conversation come to a friendly outcome to prove his point, rather than take in information to decide if he even had a valid point to begin with. This is why he needs a separate observer, or a separate confederate, not himself, to distinguish a more open view of his original question. He then takes his biased results and configures a positive conclusion based on his findings. Though he has convinced himself, these findings would not hold up in the scientific world. There is too much vagueness, bias, and also self-gratification in his conclusion to give this a scientific stamp of approval. I would not choose aShow MoreRelatedResearch Methods And Methods Of Research975 Words   |  4 PagesStudying research method was not a new experience since I have studied about it in my under graduate school. In comparison from the previous one I had, ULMS 515 Applied Research Methods Module has enhanced my understanding about how to conduct a research in an appropriate way to be implemented in the real world setting. I learned to appreciate the nature of research and the research process in academic and practical contexts. This module also enables me to develop my understanding in the differencesRead MoreResearch Methods For A Research Method1925 Words   |  8 PagesResearch methods assignment LQXIH1 This assignment will be comparing and contrasting two journal article’s, with a focus upon the research methods used. It will begin by summerising the main findings and key arguments of both articles. Followed by identifying the research methods used, whilst comparing and contrasting their strengths and limitations. It will then move onto looking at how the methodological limitations of each study may be overcome. To conclude this essay a reflection shall be carriedRead MoreResearch Methods4920 Words   |  20 PagesIntroduction of research and research methods What is research method? As a matter of fact, according to Saundra et al. (2003), the term method in the entire research process or project can be considered as tool or technique which help researcher obtain, collect and analyze data or different types of information. To be more specific, Saundra et al. (2003) point out that in order to fulfill different research projects and objectives, couples of methods have to be properly utilized, in this caseRead MoreResearch Methods1611 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Assignment in Research Methods 1) Overview of various research methods When writing a Research Paper it is important to know different research methods. These methods help to gather and systemize the information and data in order to scientifically prove the validity of the work. Further will be explained ways how to collect the data. Research methods are divided in two big blocks: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative methods are those where results are explained in numbers, whereasRead MoreQualitative Research On Research Methods Essay839 Words   |  4 PagesThis type of research methods involve describing in detail specific situation using research tools like interviews, surveys, and Observations. Qualitative Research is primarily exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research. Qualitative Research is also used to uncover trends in thought and opinions, and dive deeper into theRead MoreResearch Methods And Methods Of Interdisciplinary Research Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagesof analysis there are three ways in which to think and feel while doing interdisciplinary research. The first is that the knowledge we use that has been previo usly published was done by hard working researchers using sound research methods. Secondly we should acknowledge that not all information is current and we might find research that has been biased in some way. On the other hand, there may be research that is cutting edge and therefore has not been tested sufficiently and may be controversialRead More Research methods Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pages Research method To gain my secondary information I used such sources as the Internet, books and midwifery journals. My secondary information will consist of the benefits of breast-feeding for the mother and baby, the benefits of bottle-feeding for the mother and baby as well as statistics on breast-feeding. 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This non-experimental, quantitative research design is most often used to gather information about the subject’s attitude, beliefs, opinions, or similar types of information (McMillian Schumacher, 2010). With this method, the researcher selects a sample of subjects and either administers a questionnaire or con ducts interviews to collect data from the subjects. There are several benefits to using surveys in educationalRead More Research Methods1483 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyze of research in averagely can be accounted as an aim for understanding or a systematic study in search of information to shape or accept achievable facts. There are two mainly different ways of research. First, there is the basic research that appears not to go into the study field and the second, way is the applied research that studies given area into the aspect. It applies to resolve, understand and advance the methods and systems that are used in the search for human understanding of abnormal

The Pros and Cons of Ecotourism - 2138 Words

The pros and cons of Ecotourism 1. Introduction Ecotourism is defined as responsible travel to natural areas that protect the environment and improve the welfare of local people (International Ecotourism Society (TIES), 2005). It also follow certain principles such as minimize impact, build environmental and cultural respect, provide financial benefits to local people (TIES, n.d.). Global ecotourism began in 1990, and has been growing 20-34% per year, especially in 2004, ecotourism was growing globally 3 times faster than the tourism industry as a whole; with continuous growth, and ecotourism will occupy 25% of the world travel market within six years (TIES, 2005). Ecotourism has advantages and disadvantages. It can contribute to a†¦show more content†¦According to the research in Chicanab, Guatemala, the hosting family required to buy foam pads for tourists to sleep on and need to have a slightly separated space for tourists including a table and bed (Bascomb amp; Taylor, 2008). For hotels, environmental alternatives are easily viewed as drop in standards, the hotels have to provide recycled paper, soap dispensers, towel re-usage, and they may cannot satisfying their customers greatly. Another drawback of developing ecotourism is the potential for ‘leakage’, the loss of income from the host country to international investors and foreign-run tour companies (Fennell, 1999; Honey, 1999). This seems that the biggest beneficiary is not the host country but the foreign investors. 3. The impact to Environment. Ecotourism is regarded as responsible tourism in natural areas able to facilitate conservation objectives and able to promote environmentally sustainable development and conservation (Tisdell amp; Wilson, 2005). However, there is also a risk that human activities may harm to the local species. 3.1 The positive impact to environment. The development of ecotourism improved local people and visitors’ environmental awareness. 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Americans have the ability to preserve that heritage through organized efforts to encourageRead MoreMarine Biology Module 3 Review Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pages 21. †¢       Would the depletion of non-renewable resources, burning of fossil fuels, and oil spills have positive or negative effects on the environment? o          Negative 22. †¢       Would beach renourishment, replanting of sea grasses, and ecotourism have positive or negative effects on the environment? o          Positive 23. †¢       Why are seagrasses important to an estuary ecosystem? (list all the reasons) o          sea bottom, provide food and habitat for many marine organisms, maintainRead MoreGeography Exam Review Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is sustainable development? What is the global economy? How was it facilitated by European colonialism? What are Multinational Corporations (MNCs)? What is free trade? What are the WTO, World Bank and IMF, and what do they do? What are the pros and cons of free trade? 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The future is still bright for the industry in the country with possible future growth in expansion and diversification. The industry however has both the pros and cons impacts to various ranges of environments (Tourism Research Australia). Tourism impacts can be generally classified into seven categories with each having both positive and negative impacts. These impacts include; economic, environmental,Read MoreVoluntourism: Self-Interest or Altruism?1973 Words   |  8 Pagesalso a type, defined below) tourism include, according to Planeterra: Sustainable Tourism: a form that minimizes impacts on the environment, respects local people and cultures, and offers economic benefits to local businesses and communities; Ecotourism: a type of tourism that promotes responsible travel to natural areas that conserve the environment and sustain the well-being of local people; Responsible Tourism, which, according to Planeterra, asks travelers to be respectful of the host countryRead MoreThe Issue Of The White Rhino2826 Words   |  12 Pagesreintroduction, the second biggest were personal fear that many corresponds had against the dogs (Page et al. 2015). The main motivation for supporting the reintroduction was the potential ensuing benefits including increased job opportunities and ecotourism contributions to the local economy. 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It attempts to have as little impact on the environment as possible by educating the tourist, offering funds for conservation and trying to aid the economic development byRead MoreDevelopment and Globalisation Essay7740 Words   |  31 Pagesof the local culture, politics and economy †¢ Respecting local cultures †¢ Contributing to local cultures and tolerance †¢ Supporting local businesses and traditional values †¢ Use the least amount of local resources Ecotourism †¢ Is one of the fastest growing sectors within tourism †¢ An economic process by which rare and beautiful ecosystems and cultural attractions are marketed internationally to attract tourists †¢ Planning and management is an important

Taxation Law and Practice Business Taxpayer

Question: Describe about the Taxation Law and Practice for Business Taxpayer. Answer: Arthur Murray (NSW) Pty Ltd V FCT (1965) 114 CLR 314 Facts The taxpayer was carrying on a business of teaching dancing lessons. The taxpayer offered a discount to student in order to encourage them for providing prepayment of tuition fees. This prepaid tuition fees received by the taxpayers are placed in the suspense account. This suspense account was described as unearned deposit- untaught lessons account by the taxpayer. Then after providing the dance classes, the taxpayer transferred the appropriate amount of relevant fees for tuition provided from suspense account to revenue account. The agreement between the taxpayer and the students expressly provided that no refund would be provided for the prepaid of tuition fees. However, the general practice is that taxpayer would refund fees of the student if not all the lessons are provided (French, 2013). The taxpayer did not treat the prepaid tuition fees as income derived until the tuition is completely provided to the student. Though the fees were received in advance, the taxpayer did not include it in the assessable income. Therefore the assessable income of the taxpayer only included tuition fees for which dancing lessons have been provided during the relevant year. The commissioner of Income tax calculated the assessable income on receipt basis (Kenny, 2013). The commissioner of Tax included the prepaid fees in the taxpayers assessable income as per section 25(1) of the ITA Act 1936 in the year in which the fees are received and not based on actual year of providing the tuition. Issue The issue in this case before the court was to determine whether the assessable income of the taxpayer should include the tuition fees received in advance in the year in which the tuition was provided or in the year the fees were received (Barnett Harder, 2014). Conclusion The high court held that the taxpayer derived the fees from the tuition in the year the tuition was provided and not in the year in which the fees were received. The general rule is that if the fees are received in advance for services that are not yet provided then such receipt should not be regarded as the income of the taxpayer in the year of receipt (Gaal, 2013). There was an agreement between the taxpayer and the student that the fees received in advance will not be refunded. In normal practice, however the taxpayer refunded the fees where the student did not take all the lessons. Therefore, it was further held by the court that the taxpayer could not include this receipt in advance as income because there is a possibility that the fees can be refunded by the tax payer if the tuitions is not provided (Lynch 2016). a) (i) The ITA Act 1997 in section 6-5 states that the assessable income of the taxpayer should include income derived during the income year. The section 6-5(4) of the act further states that it is considered as income derived when the amount is received by the taxpayer or is received by anyone on behalf of the taxpayer. There are generally two commonly used methods for recognizing income in tax accounting this are receipts methods and earning methods. The taxpayer should choose the method that is appropriate for recognizing the particular kind of income in that income year (Ferran Ho, 2014). That method is considered as appropriate if the method reflects substantially the correct income in that income year. In Para 19 of the Taxation Ruing 98/1, the general rule is that a receipt method is considered appropriate if the income is derived from investments, income derived by employee and other non business income (Courtney 2014). The general rule is that earning methods is considered approp riate when the incomes are derived from the trading or manufacturing business as per Para 20 of the TR 98/1. In most cases, earning method is considered as the most appropriate method of determining income for the purpose of tax. (ii) In the given case, RIP Pty Ltd is a private company carrying on the business of funeral director. The company for the year ended 30 June 2016 reported a profit of $2.45 million. It mainly earned its revenue from funeral services and it collected fees from customer under different options (Carter 2013). The different sources and methods through which company collected its fees are given below: It received fees by issuing net30 days invoice to the customer; It also received fees from external insurance companies by issuing net 30 day invoice; It received fees from RIP finance Pty ltd that provides credit under an installment repayment plan; It received fees from contribution by customers in easy future plan; The general rule is that business income derived is most appropriately reflected in earning method. In case of PIP Pty Ltd, the income is derived as soon as service is provided and should be immediately recognized as revenue. It is the general procedure of the company that after providing the service it raises a net 30 days invoice. It would be inappropriate on the part of the company to actually wait for receiving the fees before recognizing it as revenue. This is because as per the earning method income is derived as the service is provided therefore revenue should be immediately recognized (Matthews Malek, 2012). The company also receives fees from a scheme of easy future plan. Under this scheme, the company receives fees in advance and undertakes to provide funeral service in future. The fees are non-refundable and in case of defaulting members, these fees are transferred Forfeited payment accounts. As the fees are forfeited for discontinuing members so the company does not have any liability for providing the services so this should be immediately recognized as income. Therefore based on the overall analysis it can be concluded that in case of RIP Pty Ltd income is derived as the funeral service is provided (Thwaites, 2014). (b) In the case of Arthur Murray, it was held by the court that the taxpayer derives income in the year the service is provided. The case also that as per the general rule the fees received in advance for providing a service is recognized as income in the year the service is actually provided. The RIP Pty Ltd in the easy future plan receives fees in advance and undertakes to perform the funeral service in future (Beverwijk, 2015). The company treats in its accounts the fees received in advance under the easy future plan as income in the year in which the advance is received. As the circumstances in the case of Arthur Murray and the situation of RIP limited in easy future plan is almost similar so the principles of Arthur Murray applies in the accounting treatment of amounts in easy future plan. According to the principle of Arthur Murray the company should not include the advance fees received under the plan as income in the year the advance is received but should be treated as income in the year the funeral service are provided (Shetreet Turenne, 2013). (C ) The Taxation Ruling 98/1 states that for the purpose of section 6-5 of the ITAA 1997 there are two methods of accounting for tax for items of income. These two methods of tax accounting are Receipts method and earning method. The receipts method is also referred to as the cash basis or cash received basis. In the receipt method, income is derived in the year in which either the constructive or the actual income is received (Ramlogan, 2013). The section 6-5(4) of the ITA Act 1997 also provides that the income will be taken as derived although it is not actually paid over to the taxpayer but is dealt by someone else on the behalf of the tax payer. Another method for accounting for tax is earning method, which is also referred to as accrual method or cash and credit method. In this method, income is derived when it is earned and a recoverable debt is created. The recoverable debt refers to the time in which the taxpayer can legally ascertain the amount as the task that was required to b e performed under the agreement has been performed completely (Woellner et al. 2016). Therefore based on above discussion it can be said that the taxpayer and the commissioner has two choices in the method of accounting for tax and they can chose the method that appropriately reflects the income for the purpose of tax. ii. The RIP Pty Ltd receives fees in advance under easy future plan. If a customer fails to continue the fees until it is completely paid then the company forfeits the partial fees received. The forfeited fees are transferred to a separate account called Forfeited payment account. As the fees are not completely paid so, the company does not have any liability to provide services (Tiley Loutzenhiser, 2012). Therefore, as the fees are non-refundable and the company does not have any liability to provide services in case of incomplete fees based on this circumstances it is advised that the company should treat the forfeited amount as income in the year the amount is actually forfeited. The company for tax treatment should treat the balance of $16200.00 in forfeited payment account as income. Part B As per section, 70-10 of the ITA Act 1997 trading stock means anything that is acquired, produced or manufactured and it is used for the purpose of sale, manufacture or exchange in the ordinary course of business. In order to understand the nature of trading stock it is important to note that trading stock does not include a financial agreement or a CGT asset. In section, 70-25 of the ITA act 1997 it is further provided that the amount incurred should not be of capital nature. In the given case, the RIP purchased caskets and accessories, which are used by the company in its ordinary course of business so it should be treated as trading stock for the tax purpose. The amount incurred for purchase of trading stock is deductible under general deduction as per section 8-1 of the ITA Act 1997. The section 70-15 of the ITA Act 1997 states that amount incurred for the purchase of trading stock should be deducted under general expense in the year in which the item of trading stock becomes part of the stock on hand of the company. In the given case, RIP paid in advance in June 2016 for stock to be delivered in August 2016 that is next income year. In section, 8-1 of the ITA Act 1997 it is stated that the taxpayer can obtain general deduction for outgoing incurred to the extent it is necessary to carry on a business for producing assessable income (Burkhauser et al., 2015). The prepayment payment made by RIP for purchase of trading stock should be treated as advance and not as expense because the item of stock will be delivered in next income and the outgoing incurred does not produce as an assessable income as on 30 June 2016. Therefore, it can be con cluded that the amount of $25000.00 should be treated as advance for the purpose of tax in the income year 30 June 2016. ii The section 6-5 of the ITA Act 1997 states that assessable income of a resident taxpayer will include ordinary income received from any source within or outside Australia. The dividend received is therefore taxable in the hands of the RIP. As the dividends are fully franked so the company will receive franking credit. The section 100-25 of the ITA Act 1997 provides a general definition and list of CGT assets but the advance payment made for rental of storage space is not a capital asset. Therefore prepaid amount of rent should be treated as advance payment and the rent for four months should be treated as a general expense under section 8 of the ITAA Act 1997. The section 83-80 of the ITA Act 1997 states that if the taxpayer receives unused long service leave then it should be included in the assessable income of the taxpayer. In the given case as RIP paid a three months advance for long service leave it should deducted it as expense on 30 June 2016 and not treat it as advance as the expense will increase the companys profit for tax purpose will decrease (Harris, 2013). iii The section 8-1 of the ITA Act 1997 provides that a taxpayer can claim general deductions for amount for producing assessable income. The section 100-25 provides a list of CGT assets that includes land and building. Therefore, expenses paid in relation to land and buildings are not allowed as general deduction but should be included as capital expenditure. The expenses incurred for equipments, for constructing onsite parking, for landscaping should be included in the capital expenditure, and are not allowed as general deduction under section 8-1 of the act (McKerchar et al., 2013). Reference Barnett, K., Harder, S. (2014).Remedies in Australian Private Law. Cambridge University Press. Beverwijk, J. (2015). Power, To a Point: Is the Power to Add and Remove Discretionary Beneficiaries of a Trust Fiduciary?. Burkhauser, R. V., Hahn, M. H., Wilkins, R. (2015). Measuring top incomes using tax record data: A cautionary tale from Australia.The Journal of Economic Inequality,13(2), 181-205. Carter, J. W. (2013).The construction of commercial contracts. Bloomsbury Publishing. Courtney, W. (2014).Contractual Indemnities. Bloomsbury Publishing. Ferran, E., Ho, L. C. (2014).Principles of corporate finance law. Oxford University Press. French, R. (2013). Law-complexity and moral clarity.Brief,40(6), 25. Gaal, J. (2013). Small business entity test.CGT Small Business Reliefs: The Comprehensive Practitioner's Handbook, 77. Harris, P. (2013).Corporate tax law: Structure, policy and practice. Cambridge University Press. Kenny, P. L. (2013). Aligning Income Tax Laws with Accounting Rules: A Simplified Tax System Case Study.Available at SSRN 2340888. Lynch, A. (2016).Great Australian Dissents. Cambridge University Press. Matthews, P., Malek, H. M. (2012).Disclosure. Sweet Maxwell. McKerchar, M., Bloomquist, K., Pope, J. (2013). Indicators of tax morale: an exploratory study.eJournal of Tax Research,11(1), 5. Ramlogan, R. (2013).Judicial review in the Commonwealth Caribbean. Routledge. Shetreet, S., Turenne, S. (2013).Judges on Trial: The Independence and Accountability of the English Judiciary(Vol. 8). Cambridge University Press. Thwaites, R. (2014).The Liberty of Non-citizens: Indefinite Detention in Commonwealth Countries. Bloomsbury Publishing. Tiley, J., Loutzenhiser, G. (2012).Revenue Law: Introduction to UK Tax Law; Income Tax; Capital Gains Tax; Inheritance Tax. Bloomsbury Publishing. Woellner, R., Barkoczy, S., Murphy, S., Evans, C., Pinto, D. (2016).Australian Taxation Law 2016. Oxford University Press.

Management Research - Marks And Spencer Essays -

Management Research - Marks And Spencer Management Past Structure Marks and Spencer used to be structured under a Functional or U-Form design which works by breaking the company into departments like operations, marketing, finance, human resources, and research and development. This design works well with smaller companies but with bigger companies there is too much information for the top manager to handle and deal with. This is exactly what happened to Marks and Spencer. In 1991, Sir Richard Greenbury took over Marks and Spencer for seven years and structured the company to fit the Functional design. He made the company very aristocratic and rigid where by Head office knows best (The Economist). This created an atmosphere where by the company focused on their products instead of focusing on their customers. Although Marks and Spencer grew and made huge profits within this time, in 1998 their profits fell very quickly and sharply. Marks and Spencer closed a chain of stores which they owned in Canada and rumours were spreading that they would also close two chains of stores which they owned in the United States. The combination of Marks and Spencers quick expansions and the aristocratic rule had definite visible implications on Marks and Spencers well-being. The combination of Marks and Spencers aristocratic rule and structure just couldnt handle everything that was going on. Another one of Marks and Spencers weaknesses stemmed from their heavy reliance on inside promotions. The company would hire college students and have them work their way up the ladder. Very rarely did the company hire outside candidate for senior positions. This prevented outside innovations from coming into the organisation. Reformed Structure In 1998 Marks and Spencer needed to do something drastic because it was losing out on its market share and their reputation was going down the tubes. The company decided it was time to restructure. The new structure of Marks and Spencer would be more like the Conglomerate or H-Form design. In this design the organisation is set up basically as a holding company comprised of unrelated products. The new Marks and Spencer would have seven different business units: womens swear, mens wear, lingerie, childrens wear, food, beauty, and home. This would allow the company to create a more flexible structure which could respond to the fast changing environment. This flexible structure would give autonomy to individual business units helping them tailor to their customers better. Marks and Spencer would no longer operate under the head office knows best principle and would give the customers what they really wanted. Another change was also made in the management of the company. At first, Peter Salsbury took over Marks and Spencer after Sir Richard Greensbury resigned and currently Luc Vandevelde heads the company. The companys head management is running under a short term strategy in order to find someone who can lift Marks and Spencer out the hole. Luc Vandevelde came to the company in May 2000 and will stay on for a year unless he can turn the profits around. To help him out, Roger Holmes, an expert in profit turnaround and customer-focused organisational change, will also join Marks and Spencer in January of 2001 as executive director. The only problem facing the two is that neither have much experience in retailing food or clothing so if they cant turn profits around, the company board will look to acquire a top level manager from Wal-Mart, the worlds largest retailer. Business Essays

hope essays

hope essays Voting, The Best Way to Make Decisions The future of any nation depends on its youth. In order to have effective citizenship, we need to educate our youth. Our youth must be skilled in decision-making. In order for todays students to make successful decisions, they must be educated about their surroundings. Parents and teachers must work together to educate their students about the world they live in, in order for them to have sufficient decision-making skills. In order for students to have effect decision-making skills parents and teachers must teach moral values, how to make informed decisions, and why and how students should be involved in their nations government. If all of these steps are followed voting will become a routine obligation for each citizen. In order to quench the increased thirst to participate in government, more and more citizens will show up at the voting booths. Students must be educated to make informed decisions in the future. The quality of decision-making is a direct result of education. In order to make informed decisions, citizens must be aware of the effects their decisions have on society. By informing students of the effects of their choices, students will learn to make better decisions. These decisions will contribute to the stability of effective citizenship. An example of when decision making skills play a crucial role is voting. Students should have an understanding of the role their vote plays. Teachers and parents will prepare students to make knowledgeable decisions through experience. After all, the decisions students make for-shadow the decisions they will make in the future. The experience students can in consensus building as a result of their schools Shared Decision Making program will be used throughout their entire life. Teachers will encourage students to participate in their schools Shared Decision Making committee. Students participating in the Shared ...

The Difference Between Hard and Soft Water

The Difference Between Hard and Soft Water Youve heard the terms hard water and soft water, but do you know what they mean? Is one type of water somehow better than the other? What type of water do you have? This article looks at the definitions of these terms and how they relate to water in everyday life. Hard Water vs Soft Water Hard water is any water containing an appreciable quantity of dissolved minerals. Soft water is treated water in which the only cation (positively charged ion) is sodium. The minerals in water give it a characteristic taste. Some natural mineral waters are highly sought for their flavor and the health benefits they may confer. Soft water, on the other hand, may taste salty and may not be suitable for drinking. If soft water tastes bad, then why might you use a water softener? The answer is that extremely hard water may shorten the life of plumbing and lessen the effectiveness of certain cleaning agents. When hard water is heated, the carbonates precipitate out of solution, forming scales in pipes and tea kettles. In addition to narrowing and potentially clogging the pipes, scales prevent efficient heat transfer, so a water heater with scales will have to use a lot of energy to give you hot water. Soap is less effective in hard water because it reacts to form the calcium or magnesium salt of the organic acid of the soap. These salts are insoluble and form grayish soap scum, but no cleansing lather. Detergents, on the other hand, lather in both hard and soft water. Calcium and magnesium salts of the detergents organic acids form, but these salts are soluble in water. How to Soften Water Hard water can be softened (have its minerals removed) by treating it with lime or by passing it over an ion exchange resin. The ion exchange resins are complex sodium salts. Water flows over the resin surface, dissolving the sodium. The calcium, magnesium and other cations precipitate onto the resin surface. Sodium goes into the water, but the other cations stay with the resin. Very hard water will end up tasting saltier than water that had fewer dissolved minerals. Most of the ions have been removed in soft water, but sodium and various anions (negatively charged ions) still remain. Water can be deionized by using a resin that replaces cations with hydrogen and anions with hydroxide. With this type of resin, the cations stick to the resin and the hydrogen and hydroxide that are released combine to form pure water.

Leadership Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership Development - Essay Example Moreover, physicians constitute to twenty percent of the entire hospital board members whilst other supplementary clinicians contribute to approximately five percent. Nurses need to view themselves as fundamental decision makers who are extremely capable of influencing health results (Watts & Gordon, 2012). This process mainly entail undertaking campaign that mainly foster engagements of the well trained nurses to public policy and corresponding health care association boards mainly at the state and national levels. There ought to be leadership at each level that will mainly incorporate program for engaging staff nursing and empowering floor nurses thus advancing patient care (Watts & Gordon, 2012). The alterations ought to be tested over certain duration and implemented in case they prove to be helpful. Moreover, the program has advanced patient results encompassing eradication within falls with harms and corresponding 30-day hospital readmission rates. There is a massive chance of transforming culture of the health care when the nurses are better equipped and capable to mainly practice and enact full degree of their underlying education and

The ways in whih characters adapt to the changing circumstances of Essay

The ways in whih characters adapt to the changing circumstances of their lives - Essay Example In John Steinbecks novel, East ÃŽ ¿f Eden, the characters are unusual, realistic, and interesting, all which contribute to the appeal ÃŽ ¿f the novel. These characters appeal to the reader, and the reader is able to sympathize with most characters, from the most upstanding citizen to the ruthless seductress. Faye, although the owner ÃŽ ¿f a whorehouse, is depicted a respectable, honourable woman, by the description Steinbeck gives her. Although she owns a whorehouse, she has made it the cleanest, and in many ways, the best whorehouse ÃŽ ¿f all the others around her. Steinbeck regards her as being a good citizen, and a moral person. All ÃŽ ¿f the girls who work in her whore house respect Faye, and look up to her. As the interaction between Kathy and Faye persist, many ÃŽ ¿f the girls who work at Fayes become fearful ÃŽ ¿f her safety. Kathy slowly poisons Faye, and when Faye dies, the tone at the whorehouse drastically changes, as the girls become more suspicious ÃŽ ¿f Kate. Faye, being the good person that she was, loved Kate, and left her business to her. When Kate took over, the girls suddenly live in fear ÃŽ ¿f Kate. Kate is probably the most interesting, and gripping character in East ÃŽ ¿f Eden, due to her sedectiveness, and her evil personality. In Steinbecks first description ÃŽ ¿f Kathy he depicts her as a victim ÃŽ ¿f genetics. It was just a mere coincidence that such an evil human arose from her two good parents. The reader can sympathize that she is a victim ÃŽ ¿f nature, a common trait ÃŽ ¿f realism. Her actions are merely a result ÃŽ ¿f here natural instincts to be bad. Her character is the most complex in the novel. Her most interesting aspect is her reaction to alcohol, another interesting trait that draws the reader in. Her actions shock the reader, her boldness and independence was a reflection ÃŽ ¿f the womens movement that is still a major appeal to the women ÃŽ ¿f today. The introduction ÃŽ ¿f Kathy in chapter 8 was a turning point in the novel, since her

The Importance of Loss in Scott Fitzgeralds Winter Dreams Essay

The Importance of Loss in Scott Fitzgerald's Winter Dreams      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the traditional Romance narrative, there is some desirable object whose consummation is the driving preoccupation of the text's protagonist. The aspiration of the Romantic hero is to capture that elusive object that will, nevertheless, consistently out-strip him. These heroes are intimately acquainted with the pain of the loss and suffer deeply for feeling so acutely. However, loss itself, is essential to the equation and is, in fact, a large portion of what establishes the thing as desirable.    In the texts of traditional Romanticism the individual has preeminence, and his or her subjective psychological experience with the loss in question is the major concern. The realization that Romantic subject's drama plays itself out against the backdrop of a system in which the value of a thing is directly proportionate to its scarcity, is the first step beyond traditional Romanticism. Realist texts are conscious of the shaping influence that the socio-political has on the individual's ideology - They are consciousness of the impact of Capitalism. The industrialization of that era (late 19th, early 20th century), and the subsequent commodification of everything, creates the crisis of self. The central questions that arises in these contexts concerns the extent to which the individual can be perceived as individual, capable of imaginative aspirations outside the economic determinism of his society. The central question to Realist authors is: Are we dealing with the loss o f actualized selves or merely cogs, and if the latter is the case, what have we lost?    With this question still relatively unanswered, Scott Fitzgerald's "Wi... ...ve (though not the grief itself). He wants to care. Fitzgerald makes his readers care about "the loss of illusions that give such color to the world" - those exquisite "winter dreams" (Preface, Gatsby XV). He compels us to ask the two great Keatsian questions: Was it a vision, or a waking dream? Fled is that music:- Do I wake or sleep? Ode to the Nightingale, Stanza 8    Bibliography Fitzgerald, F. Scott. "Winter Dreams." in The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. 4th Edition. New York/London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1999. 2125 - 2141. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner Paperback Fiction, 1925. Hegel, G.W.F. Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences. New York: Continuum, 1990. Jameson, Fredric. Postmodernism or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham: Duke University Press, 1991.

Junk Science Essay

What led me to this decision based on Baloney Detection Method, the person writing this article did not list who they are, whether or not they have a degree in the matter that they are speaking of, nor do they list who or what company is sponsoring them. No reliable sources are listed in case the reader wants to verify any of the information is to be true. The Pacific Northwest Tree Octopus – Baloney junk. Although this article list who are the writers of this article, it does not give any information if either student has received a degree in the information that they are discussing. It does not include what company or organization that is supporting the author. The sources that they listed are not credible. The article does not state whether this information has been reviewed nor verified by any expert, but only claims from a book, articles, and you tube videos. Environmental Effects of Genetically Modified Food Crops – Reliable Unlike the other two articles, this article reveals the name and the profession degree this person has for the matter that is been discussed. The article list who the author is with and who stands to benefit from the work. The article has a variety of reliable sources included if the reader has any questions or simply wants to verify the matter being discussed. This article list the research, written work, claims and field work that has been conducted by other experts. This article provides majority all of the information needed for the questions that are being asked to determine whether or not it is junk science.

Essay about Philosophy of Education - 733 Words

Philosophy of Education An epidemic of fragile families and a savage society filled with countless negative images puts many of our children at risk of becoming victims rather than the victors they were created to be. While all children are blessed with their own minds, talents, and the ability to grow and mature into adults, they must make a way for themselves in a world overwrought with sex, violence, and crass materialism. Because of this, they are handed low self-esteems, broken dreams, and false hopes in the place of options, opportunities, and hope in a better future. Therefore, the purpose of an education is to restore these things into the community, into each family, and into the heart of every student.†¦show more content†¦I believe that open and honest teacher led discussions and debates are necessary for students to develop courage within themselves to let their voices be heard. The classroom provides them with the opportunity to formulate their opinions about life and also let their opinions be heard by their peers. The classroom, therefore, provides the foundation that students need to learn the truths about life, to learn how to search for answers and then formulate their opinions into words, and to learn how to stand up and speak out about their beliefs in a community setting. Having said all of this, the role of teacher has to be one of many dimensions. The role of the teacher is also the role of an educator, a mentor, a motivational speaker, and a minister. I believe that the teacher is an educator, and not only of his or her subject matter. A teacher should be educated in his/her subject matter, but they should also teach students to relate things to their everyday lives. By doing this, you are teaching students to not only think for themselves, but to survive in a competitive society. The role of a teacher is also the role of a motivational speaker. Students not only have individualized talents that they bring into the classroom, they also have individualized problems as well. Teachers must bypass all of these issues, get students’ attention, and motivate them toShow MoreRelatedMy Teaching Philosophy Of Education880 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the Education Philosophy test that we took in class, my education philosophy matche d with social reconstruction. Social Reconstructionist believes that systems must keep changing to improve human conditions. Also, emphasizes social questions and to create a better society. Social reconstructionist believe that you have to start over to make things better. While going through the PowerPoint that explained what social reconstitution is, in a deeper way, I came to the conclusion that socialRead MorePhilosophy : Philosophy Of Education1328 Words   |  6 Pages Philosophy of Education Jihyae Choe Liberty University TESL 419 â€Æ' Philosophy of Education A good educator decides the direction of teaching based on a resolute educational philosophy. A firm and resolute philosophy does not equate with a fixed perspective, instead it is a strong foundation that can stabilize the life long educational career. In order to establish a firm philosophical basis, passion toward education should accompany proper understanding. Successful educators who establishedRead MorePhilosophy And Philosophy Of Education828 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Education Teachers, especially those in the early years of school, have the extraordinary task of instilling a life-long love of learning in their students. We are there to cultivate their young minds in an arena where children feel safe and secure while expanding and exploring their knowledge of the world around them. We are to create responsible, productive and model citizens of the world. We are given an incredible task to carry out! With that in mind, however education needsRead MorePhilosophy And Philosophy Of Education1866 Words   |  8 PagesPhilosophy of Education An educational philosophy gives teachers and all educators’ ways to use problem solving in schools. For a lot of practitioners, actual teaching has been reduced to action lacking of a rationale or justification. According to Alan Sadovick, the author of our textbook, a philosophy of education is â€Å"firmly rooted in practice, whereas philosophy, as a discipline, stands on its own with no specific end in mind† (Sadovnik, 2013, pg. 179). All teachers and prospective teachers haveRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education And Education1175 Words   |  5 Pagesbeliefs is called a philosophy of education. â€Å"A philosophy of education represents answers to questions about the purpose of schooling, a teacher s role, and what should be taught and by what methods† (Philosophy of Education). Educational philosophies differ among all individuals in education. With individual educators, some choose a teacher-centered philosophy and others choose a student-centered philosop hy. It appears that both realms of philosophy play an important role in education inside the typicalRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education And Education Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe philosophy of education is not a topic that can be fully taught and understood by reading and studying a textbook, or a few textbooks for that matter. I believe that the philosophy of education is somewhat subjective, rather than objective, and that there exists numerous answers to what is the â€Å"philosophy of education†. I feel that one’s answers can not be expressed with a single word nor a sentence; and that one has to â€Å"experience† rather than just read to find the answer. Yes, a huge part ofRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Education And Education1201 Words   |  5 PagesThe philosophy of education seeks to study the process and discipline of education in order to understand how it works, improve its methods and perfect its purposes in today’s society. How this is done is determined by how well the learner internalizes the concepts of the discipline taught by the educator. Educators have a tremendous responsibility not only to prepare students for their lives ahead, but also to contribute to the evolution of knowledge for future generations. Each generation notRead MorePhilosophy Of Education And Education928 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Education I believe philosophy of education is defined with learning in many ways. In order to reach a certain level of learning there’s recourse along the way that defines the person and goal. John Dewey said â€Å"educational philosophy centers pragmatism and the method of learning by doing.† Purpose of Schooling A hundred years ago the definition and purpose of schooling changed tremendously. There was a point in time where education was very mediocre and a diploma was not requiredRead MorePhilosophy of Education985 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Special Education Christina L. Richardson Grand Canyon University: SPE-529N November 18, 2012 My Personal Philosophy of Special Education As educators, we need a foundation for why we want to teach, where students with different disabilities fit in that foundation, a rationale for how we teach, and a principle that keeps us striving to be the best educators we can be. The purpose of this essay is to point out what I believe the foundation, student location, rationaleRead MoreMy Philosophy On The Philosophy Of Education844 Words   |  4 PagesIn mathematics, as in life, everything must be brought to the simplest of terms. I base my teaching philosophy on the foundation that every student is capable of learning mathematics. I will strive, as a teacher, to ensure that my students are able to have a strong foundation of mathematical skills when they leave my classroom. Some students believe that they are not mathematically gifted; therefore, incapable of learning mathematics. I believe to the contrary, all students with motivation, sustained

The 5 Principles of Adult Learning Pioneered by Malcolm Knowles

Teaching adults often looks very different from teaching children. Adult educators can make assumptions of their adult students that they would not make of children because adults have had vastly different life experiences and come with their own unique sets of background knowledge. Andragogy, or the practice of teaching adults, studies the best methods and approaches for effective adult education. Malcolm Knowles Five Principles of Andragogy Those teaching adults should understand and practice the five principles of andragogy espoused by Malcolm Knowles, a pioneer in the study of adult learning. Knowles posited that adults learn best under the following circumstances: The learning is self-directed.The learning is experiential and utilizes background knowledge.The learning is relevant to current roles.The instruction is problem-centered.The students are motivated to learn. By incorporating these five principles of andragogy into instruction, adult educators and learners alike will experience greater success in the classroom. Self-Directed Learning One of the most important differences between teaching children and teaching adults is the self-concept of adult learners. While young students tend to be dependent on their teachers to guide their learning and provide opportunities for application, adult learners are the opposite. Adult learners are usually mature and self-confident enough to know how they learn best, what their areas of strength and weakness are, and how to go about learning. They dont require much help acquiring resources or developing goals for learning because, in most cases, they have done this before and already have reasons for being in school again. Adult educators need to grant their students plenty of space and be there to support rather than guide. Another benefit of self-directed learning is that students can design their studies around their preferred learning style—visual, auditory, or kinesthetic. Visual learners rely on pictures. They benefit from the use of graphs, diagrams, and illustrations. They learn best when they are shown what to do or what something looks like. Auditory learners listen carefully when they are learning and draw the majority of new knowledge through their ears. Things make the most sense to them when they are told how something should be. Tactile or kinesthetic learners need to physically do something to understand it. By performing something for themselves through a degree of trial and error, these learners will experience the most success. Using Experiences as a Resource Adult educators need to utilize each set of background knowledge in their classroom as a resource. No matter how old your adult learners are or what type of life they have led thus far, every one of your students will have acquired an extensive cache of experiences that you can draw on to make the most of what everyone brings to the table. Rather than behaving as if the classroom should be a level playing field and ignoring irregular stores of background knowledge, use them to enrich instruction. Your students could be coming from vastly different walks of life. Some will be experts in an area that your whole class could benefit from learning about or will have experienced something very unfamiliar to the rest of your students. The moments of authenticity and spontaneity that come from sharing with each other will prove to be some of the most powerful. Tap into the wealth of wisdom of your class as much as possible. Relevance of Material Adult students are most likely to want to learn about subjects that will have immediate pay-offs in their life, especially as it pertains to their social roles. As adults start to navigate marriage, parenthood, career positions, and other complex roles, they begin to orient themselves exclusively to them. Adults have little use for material that is not relevant to the roles they already occupy and this is another reason for allowing students to play a part in designing their own curriculum. For example, some of your learners will want to learn about career advancement, but some, perhaps retirees or stay-at-home parents, will not need this information. The job of adult educators is to get to know students well enough to be able to teach to their roles. Always keep in mind that your older students are there to accomplish something and probably have busy lives. The goal of adult education is to fit the needs of your students, who are more often than not opting to be there because they identified an area of need for themselves—ask and listen to them about what they want from this experience. Problem-Centered Instruction Adult learners do not desire to learn about material that doesnt fit into their lives and they do not usually want their learning to be abstract either. Adults are practiced, knowledgeable, and flexible learners that have a lot of problems to solve. Unlike young students, they do not usually need long to think about unfamiliar subjects before trying a skill out for themselves because they exercise their problem-solving skills every day and learn more each time. Adult educators need to tailor their instruction to specific problems that their students face rather than approaching their teaching one subject at a time. Andragogy is about spending more time doing than learning and the quality of instruction is much more important than topic coverage. Motivation to Learn â€Å"When the student is ready, the teacher appears† is a Buddhist proverb that applies well to all areas of education. No matter how hard a teacher tries, learning only begins once a student is ready. For most adults, returning to school after several years can be intimidating and a certain degree of apprehension should be expected in adult learners. Getting past the initial uneasiness of adult learners can be a challenge. However, many adult educators find that their students are eager to grow their knowledge. Adults that have chosen to go back to school are probably already motivated to learn or would not have made the choice to continue their education. The teachers role in these cases is simply to encourage this motivation and help your students maintain positivity toward learning so they can move past any discomfort they may feel about their situation. Listen carefully for teaching moments and take advantage of them. When a student says or does something that cues a new topic, be flexible and discuss it, even briefly, to show your students that their interests are important.

In Cold Blood Nature vs Nurture Essay - 885 Words

In Truman Capote’s famous non-fiction novel, In Cold Blood, there is evidence that supports the injustices of the trial: death penalty. The final outcome of the trail was never to be any different than death. â€Å"Of all the people in all the world, the Clutters were the least likely to be murdered† (Capote 85). We know the two men who killed the Clutter family, Perry Smith and Bill Hickock, preplanned the crime with malice and forethought. Although the actions were crul and grusome, does Death Row fit what they did if their pasts, childhood environments and situation, are bad. Capote shows the effect of childhood on the killers and if the death penalty is fair. Capote gives the killers a voice to show their humanity by giving childhood†¦show more content†¦If the juror had had this incite would they have sentenced Smith and Hickock to death? Perry Smith came from a very dysfunctional family. Growing up Perry was never taught right from wrong. His parents divo rced after years of domestic violence, his mother became an alcoholic. Due to the stresses at home he is a cronique run-away. He was â€Å"in and out of detention homes many times† (277); an orphanage. The cottage mistress severely beats and humiliates Smith for wetting the bed. During Smith’s teen years two of his sibling’s committed suicide, and the surviving sibling refusing to interact with him. Smith was angry, conflicted, and scarred by years of abuse. Taking the opportunities his adulthood gave him to act out against the world that hurt him. Dick Hickock had an excellent family, but they did struggle with finances. He was an outstanding athlete and a good student. Dick was â€Å"An outstanding athlete-always on the first team at school. Basketball! Baseball! Football! Dick was always the star player. A pretty good student, too, with A marks in several subjects†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Capote 166).â€Å"I think the main reason I went there (the Clutter home) was n ot to rob them but to rape the girl† (Capote 278). In the ongoing debate about whether nature or nurture is the primary force shaping a person’s character, Capote comes down firmly on the side of nurture and environment in his book In Cold Blood. Was Capote trying to justifyShow MoreRelatedTruman Capote -In Cold Blood - Nature vs Nurture1274 Words   |  6 Pagesryan hegarty In Cold Blood. Question 2 â€Å"Nature vs Nurture† Truman Capote’s acclaimed â€Å"non-fiction† novel, In Cold Blood explores the concept as to whether killers are born or made, following the brutal murders of the Clutter family in rural Kansas. Capote develops Perry Smith’s horrid, unfortunate upbringing as a key narrative device which serves to illustrate the effect of childhood experiences on adult behaviour. Capote manipulates the reader’s idea of morality, controversially portraying PerryRead MoreNature vs. Nurture in in Cold Blood Essay2044 Words   |  9 PagesThe Effects of Ones Environment in In Cold Blood On November 15, 1959, in the small town of Holcomb, Kansas, a family of four was brutally murdered by shotgun blasts only a few inches from their faces. The protagonist of the story, Perry Smith, a man with a troubled past, is the one responsible for committing these murders. In framing the question nature versus nurture, Capote’s powerfully written account of the Clutter family killings asks whether a man alone can be held responsible for his actionsRead MoreNature vs Nurture in Truman Capote’s Novel, In Cold Blood Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesRichard Mulcaster, a British instructor of English, once wrote, â€Å"Nature makes the boy toward, nurture sees him forward.† Mulcaster recognizes that both genetic and environmental factors determine the type of a person one becomes. 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Toyota Motor Manufacturing Case Free Essays

The sudden increase of the production complexity, in seat volumes and variations, made some evident flaws in the production capabilities of Toyota’s Georgetown production plant. The root problem TMM facing is lack of coordination and planning within the companies’ departments as well with its supplier KFS. For the supplier KFS, TMM didn’t assess their practical production capacity before launching new models. We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Motor Manufacturing Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, the sudden change of production volume due to new modifications caused a series of problems in supply quality and timing. The frequent change of demand from TMM made KFS hard to respond and fulfill the orders. As the quality issue of seats occurred, it indicated that KFS was not ready to produce the new model seats with a high volume and to meet demand of variations. The JIT production strategy doesn’t allow supply issues, but in practice, TMM left the vehicles with problematic seats instead of shutting down the production line to avoid high cost, which against traditional TPS. As a result, a greater negative impact on the production line was created, such as more vehicles without seats stuck at overflow area. Additional to the supply issues, the workers in the Georgetown plant were not well trained for assembling new models as well. When they found defective parts, TMM failed to follow up the solutions of such problems; delay in response also made the same problems to occur frequently. On the other hand, overtime became another issue due to low quality work. In the long run, our recommendation to TMM is to setup a cross functional team in order to manage the projects related to the production of new vehicle models. Doing so will lead TMM to a better communication along the different departments and with its suppliers as well. Sharing forecasts and design of future parts in advance with suppliers will improve the production efficiency. Cooperation in design with the supplier will decrease the defective rate in parts production such as the car seats. It is also highly recommended to build up an in-house training program to coach workers to assemble new models appropriately. Workers will be more capable to solve the problem by themselves after training. TMM needs to go back to the TPS and try to solve problems on the line instead of leaving them away. In the short run, TMM should give more time to KFS to fulfill the order, and when the problem occurred, it is better for them to solve together. Reviewing and tracing the problematic parts are necessary; the new team should focus on the complaints from bottom workers, and then give the information back to suppliers (KFS) as soon as possible. In this way, it is much easier to ensure the quality of new arrival parts and in case of the same problem occur again. How to cite Toyota Motor Manufacturing Case, Papers

Mobile Technologies and Supply Chain Management

Question: Discuss about the Mobile Technologies and Supply Chain Management. Answer: Introduction: The current study aims to discuss the various aspects of the application of the mobile technology in the field of the supply chain management. All the advantages and challenges of the mobile technology, which is being applied in the supply chain management is being discussed along with the ways that can be adopted to implement the latest mobile technology in the supply chain management. A case study of the study of Wal-Mart Company is also mentioned in the report, which helps to discuss the benefits and disadvantages of the application of the mobile technology in the supply chain management. It is essential for a company to have proper infrastructure, which is needed to imply the mobile technology in their respective supply chain management. The proper methods and guidelines, which is needed to apply the mobile based technology in the supply chain management is also discussed in this report. Mobile technology in Supply Chain Management: The supply chain management is one of the key areas of business, which needs to be improved for faster delivery of goods and services. The private business organizations need to improve the performance of the supply chain management for better output yields. It is essential to have better operational and strategy management, of the supply chain management with the help of the latest mobile technology. According to Stadtler (2015), the mobile phone technology is one of the main elements, which is implemented to improve the performance of the supply chain management of the company. Heizer and Barry (2013), have mentioned the importance of integration of the supply chain management that will help to improve the performance of the business. There also need to strong connection within the elements of the supply chain management, which help in the process of coordination and also help to monitor the movement of the products and also track the exact location. According to Brandenburg et al., (2014), there are main eight steps, which are involved in the process of supply chain management. These steps are processed by the Global Supply Chain Forum and include the following steps: Management of the customer relationship Management of customer service management Management of Demand Fulfillment of Order Management of flow of manufacture Procurement Commercialization and Development of product Returns With the application of the mobile based technology it is possible to improve the performance and pace, which is involved in all the process supply chain management. The use of the technology will also help to reduce the cost process, which is involved in the entire process of supply chain operation (Talk, 2016). It is also possible for the company to maintain a good level of relationship with all the clients and therefore helps to improve the satisfaction level. Figure 1: Supply Chain Management (Source: Mangan, Lalwani and Lalwani, 2016) Objective The objective of the mobile based technology in the operation of the supply chain management will help in the process of reduce the time of delivery and also the cost involved in the process of operations supply chain. It also aims at providing fast and accurate information necessary for the operation process. Figure 2: Objective of Supply Chain Management (Source: Greiner, 2015) Benefits of mobile technology in supply chain management The involvement of the mobile technology in the logistics and the supply chain management has become widely popular in all forms of business in the modern days. According to Mangan, Lalwani and Lalwani (2016), the resource of the mobile technology has helped to improve the integration process of the steps, which is involved in the supply chain management. This process of integration of the mobile phone technology will help in the operation process of the supply chain management. All the major business organizations are highly dependent on the use of the mobile technology for the performance of the supply chain management. The major benefits of the mobile technology within the supply and the logistics chain management have helped to reduce the cost and also improve the flow of the product movement. The functionality of the mobile device has also been enhanced due to the improvement of the internet and GPS service. The coverage of the mobile data service also have been widen with the help of the better bandwidth and broadband speed. The availability of the internet service also has been increased in the many remote and local areas. With the help of better internet and bandwidth service, it is possible to track the movement and the exact location of the product. The customer relationship management, which is one of the key elements of the supply chain management. With the help of better tracking and implementation of the mobile technology, it is possible improve the interaction of the between the back-ends of an organization (Greiner, 2015). The management of the schedule and routing process of the movement of the product can be monitored with the help of the application of the mobile technology. The use of the mobile PCs can help to improve the functionality of the business process and also help them to overcome the limitations, which exists in the operation management of the organization. The use of the mobile PCs can also help to make full use of the GPS navigation system, and thereby make accurate track and movement of the companys vehicle. This will help the managers of the supply and logistics department to make plan for the route of movement of the products. This will help to improve the technical ability of the logistics department and also ensure that the response time of action is faster in case of emergency and crisis like situation. Hazen et al.,(2014), have mentioned about the storing of the information, which can be achieved with the help of application of mobile technology and mobile PCs. The detail information regarding the movement of the product can also be stored and be used to for future reference. The information related to the inventory of the product is stored immediately after its delivery to the respective clients. The executive of the business organization can get the view of the real-time operation related of the use of the supply chain management. This helps them to get the idea rated to the statics of the company and thereby make necessary changes in the long-term planning process. The level of accuracy of the supply chain management can also be improved by making better planning access. They can also prioritize the tasks related to the level of urgency and also make necessary changes to reduce the time of delivery of the products. Hsu et al., (2013), have mentioned with the help of the application of the mobile technology, it is possible to monitor the statics related to the supply chain from any palace. Hence, the managers can track the movement even after leaving the office workplace. This helps them in the process of making quick and effective decisions and thereby reduces the time of the delivery as all the related issues can be resolved in short span of time. Challenges and of Mobile technology and supply chain management With the help of the mobile technology in supply chain management it is possible improve the reputation of the business. According to Gilmour (2013), the lack of basic level of knowledge within the operational management of an organization, is one of the major barriers and challenges in the process of implementation. There is also the risks, inaccuracy and wrong information, which is involved in the process of mobile data application. The integration process and mobile technology and supply chain department may not be economically helpful for the small and medium scale business firms. Moreover, the lack of collaboration between all the departments of the company can also help to reduce the scale at which, the process of mobile technology is implemented within the supply chain management. Schnsleben (2016), have added the lack of collaboration with the suppliers and malfunction within the distribution system of the company is also one of the major barriers faced by a company. There are also several technical challenges, which are involved in the process software support implementation. This is a major challenge for the older style of business, which is highly dependent on the manual process. According to Jacobs, Chase and Lummus (2014), more than 51% of the large scale companies all across the world have included the application of the mobile based technology as one of the major elements of the Enterprise Resource Planning process. The rate of successful of the integration process of the mobile technology in the Enterprise planning process is merely 33%, which includes the use of mobile PCs in the supply chain department. There is also the risk of failure, while applying change in the supply chain management. The lack of skills within the workers and level of motivation are also few of the main reasons for the cause of failure in the implementation process (Ross, 2016). The challenge faced is also faced during the time of investment at the supply chain management. The risk of financial loss is also one of the major areas of concern at this case. In the rural and the remote areas, the lack of proper technological infrastructure is also one of the major areas of challenges faced by all the major companies. Even after the proper implementation of the mobile technology there are following challenges faced by a company: Decrease in the level of income Reduce of the market share and disadvantage in the competitive market due to the complication involved in the operation management process. The failure of the application of the technology will cause failure in the overall process of the supply chain and thereby the product will be failed to reach the destination. The implementation process can raise the level of expectation of the customers as they expect to get faster delivery of the products. Hence, there is a risk of lowering the level of customer satisfaction (Ellram Cooper, 2014). The failure of the operation of the information system will involve the risks of spreading of false and inaccurate information related to the tracking system. Ways to apply mobile technology in the supply Chain Management Li (2013), has suggested the use of Mobile Resource Management for proper implementation of the process of mobile technology in the supply chain management. The mobile resource management helps to manage the challenges faced by all the major companies to deal with the challenges in the technological infrastructure. Few of the major steps involved in the process of mobile resource management to deal with the elements of supply chain management. Hardware implementation: These steps involve gathering all the major hardware components needed for the implementation process of mobile PC technology. Connectivity: This is the second most important part of the implication of the mobile technology. The internet connectivity is essential for communication and gathering information for the process of supply chain management. Data Server: The companies need to use proper data server, which will help in the connectivity with the internet. The companies can also use the personal server, which will help to get higher bandwidth speed. GIS data: The Geographic Information Data can be used to process data and ensure that the GPS navigation system can work perfectly to track precise location of the data related to the supply chain management. Decision making and Reporting Software: The decision making process in the implementation process needs to be effective, which will help to deal with changes that occurs after the implementation process of mobile technology. On the other hand, the reporting software will help to gather information related to the supply chain management. With the help of correct and accurate information, it is possible make precise decision related to the investment need in the mobile technology application (Adams et al., 2014). Exploring the Impact of radio frequency identification (RFID) in Supply chain of Wal-Mart According to Fernie and Sparks (2014), the RFID technology has the potential to improve the performance of the supply chain management by improving the tracking efficiency and speed of product delivery. The implementation of RFID in the delivery system of Wal-Mart has reported to improve the service at the inventory level by 70%. The supply service also improved by 96 to 99% as the cost of the supply chain has been reduced. The government of the United Sates has invested $1 billion in the implementation of the infrastructure involved in the process of RFID. The Wal-Mart is considered to be one of the major pioneers, who are involved in the process of implementation of the RFID technology and in the year of 2005, the company has implemented the this technology while making negations with first 100 suppliers of the company. The success of the RFID technology has resulted accelerated growth of the supply chain. There was nearly 10% reduction in the total numbers of manual orders after t he implementation of the RFID in the supply chain process. The output stocks of Wal-Mart also reduced by 16% after the successful adaptation of RFID technology. The stocks of the retail stores were also replenished three times faster compared to that of the previous times. The lead time also were reduced with the help of this technology, which has helped in the faster delivery of the products by 15%. The management of Wal-Mart can share the information related to the supply chain with the stakeholders and ensure that they have the authority to make sure that they maintain clarity and thereby improve upon the trustworthy level. The suppliers of the Wal-Mart can also use the information in the RFID in making the decisions related to the supply chain management. Nevertheless, the use of the RFID technology has its limitations and drawbacks due to the lack of proper funding in the mobile technology department. Wal-Mart and all other major companies prefer to use this technology in the form of pilot project which will help them to measure the cost-effective ratio of the implementation of the project. Infrastructure for Information technology The information technologys application in the supply chain depends on the level of infrastructure, which is being provided. The electronic supply chain receives the data required in the process with the help of the latest digital technology. The high level of infrastructure is required to deliver the products as well as to update the information needed for operational management of the supply chain. The synchronization of the payment and the billing information is also an important part of the electronic based supply chain. According to Hofmann et al., (2014), an array of reliable and compatible software is needed to support the hardware components of the supply chain management. Data Security With the rise in the total number of cybercrimes, the data security has been one of the major areas of concern for the supply chain management. It is essential that the sensitive information, which has been passed through the use of the mobile based technology, gets high level of security. The appropriate security measures need to be used by the supply chain experts in order to deal with the increased number of cyber theft in the present days. The high level of security calls, virus protection and firewalls are applied in order to ensure high level of security. Strategy The strategy for the implication of mobile technology in the supply chain needs to be implemented based on the challenges faced by an organization. The main strategy of the business organization involves reduction of the cost, which is involved in the supply chain and also improves upon the level of customer satisfaction and relation. With the help of the appropriate strategy it is possible to create new opportunities for the business by expanding the market share. Considerations The investment in the application of mobile technology in the supply chain department may not produce immediate returns. However, in the long-term planning process, it is possible to overcome all the major challenges, which are involved in the process of integration of IT and supply chain management (Qrunfle Tarafdar, 2014). However, it is essential for all business organization to consider the importance of the use of mobile technology in the supply chain department. Conclusion The use of the mobile technology is one of the significant parts of the supply chain management during the present times. The major benefit of the application is reduction of cost and time, which is involved in the supply chain and therefore helps in the faster mode of delivery. Hence, the lead time involved in the delivery of a product can be reduced. It is also possible to exactly the track the location of the products, and get accurate information. The lack of proper IT infrastructure is one of the major challenges faced by the business organization in the implementation of mobile technology. There is also lot of capital required in the process of implementation and the risks of the failure can decrease the reputation of an organization. It is essential for all the companies to adopt proper measures to ensure that all the major process for the application of the mobile technology is executed in the proper manner. Wal-Mart has been successfully imply the RFID technology in the supply chain department and is one of the leading examples to demonstrate the usefulness of the mobile technology. It is essential for all the major business organization to follow the proper steps involved in the process implementation of mobile technology in the supply chain, which involves setting up the required along with providing proper data security system. References Adams, F. G., Richey, R. G., Autry, C. W., Morgan, T. R., Gabler, C. B. (2014). Supply chain collaboration, integration, and relational technology: how complex operant resources increase performance outcomes.Journal of Business Logistics,35(4), 299-317. Brandenburg, M., Govindan, K., Sarkis, J., Seuring, S. (2014). Quantitative models for sustainable supply chain management: Developments and directions.European Journal of Operational Research,233(2), 299-312. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Ellram, L. M., Cooper, M. C. (2014). Supply chain management: It's all about the journey, not the destination.Journal of Supply Chain Management,50(1), 8-20. Fernie, J., Sparks, L. (2014).Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Gilmour, P. (2013). Benchmarking supply chain operations.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Greiner, M. (2015).Automotive Supply Chain Management in the Internet of Things. GRIN Verlag. Hazen, B. T., Boone, C. A., Ezell, J. D., Jones-Farmer, L. A. (2014). Data quality for data science, predictive analytics, and big data in supply chain management: An introduction to the problem and suggestions for research and applications.International Journal of Production Economics,154, 72-80. Heizer, R., Barry, R. (2013).Operation Management, Sustainability and Supply Chain management(Vol. 11). Pearson, UK. Hofmann, H., Busse, C., Bode, C., Henke, M. (2014). Sustainability?related supply chain risks: conceptualization and management.Business Strategy and the Environment,23(3), 160-172. Hsu, C. W., Kuo, T. C., Chen, S. H., Hu, A. H. (2013).Using DEMATEL to develop a carbon management model of supplier selection in green supply chain management.Journal of cleaner production,56, 164-172. Jacobs, F. R., Chase, R. B., Lummus, R. R. (2014).Operations and supply chain management. McGraw-Hill Education. Li, L. (2013). Technology designed to combat fakes in the global supply chain.Business Horizons,56(2), 167-177. Mangan, J., Lalwani, C., Lalwani, C. L. (2016).Global logistics and supply chain management. John Wiley Sons. Qrunfleh, S., Tarafdar, M. (2014). Supply chain information systems strategy: Impacts on supply chain performance and firm performance.International Journal of Production Economics,147, 340-350. Ross, D. F. (2016).Introduction to supply chain management technologies.CRC Press. Schnsleben, P. (2016).Integral logistics management: operations and supply chain management within and across companies. CRC Press. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Talk, O. M. (2016). Operations management. Mobile Technologies and Supply Chain Management Question: Discuss about the Mobile Technologies and Supply Chain Management. Answer: Introduction: This report is about the role of technology and information in the supply chain management of the organization. The mobile technologies and the supply chain management play a very vital role in the success of the organization because it will help to provide the best ways of checking the stock delivered and to find out the best resource available. As we know in todays world the people and the organizations are greatly relied on the computers and software to run their business successfully. Many of the companies are implementing mobile technologies to improve the organizational operations and to increase the response of the customers. In the current report, I will be identifying the issues and the impact of the peoples digital supply chain management. The information technology is adopted by the companies on a very large scale. The main objectives of this report are as described below in some points: - To explain the role of technology in supply chain management and its impact on SCM Mobile technologies in Supply chain Management Impact of mobile technologies on the supply chain and organization operations. This report will cover all the important aspects like the initiatives taken by the IT and their implementation, Impact and challenges of mobile technology on the SCM. The technology has positive as well negative impacts on the business operations. Supply Chain Management A successful supply chain management is very important for the companies to make a different position in the market. The supply chain Management is the process of gaining advantage by making new position in the market in the world of competition. It is very important to understand the concept of supply chain management. The supply chain management is defined by the council of professionals as the process of planning and managing all the operations related to the sourcing and supplying of stock and the activities related to logistics. In simple words, the supply chain management refers to the process of controlling the flow of raw materials from the suppliers to the end users. Information is the key part, on the basis of which the supply chain managers take decisions. The main objective of IT is to provide the information and enables the supply chain partners collaboration and coordination. The decision support is the key role of technology in supply chain management as it contains to ols used to gain and analyze the information to improve the working of the supply chain. Managers must understand how to analyze and use that information because technology consists of hardware and software (Paulraj Paulraj, 2009). The functional roles of technology in Supply chain are divided into 3 parts which are: Transaction execution, Collaboration and coordination and Decision support. Transaction execution is done with the help of knowledge and information between the partners of supply chain though the cost effective flow of information. The collaboration and coordination among the partners is very important and possible because of the sharing of accurate information. It acts as a support to decisions because the analytical skills or powers of the electronic devices used to provide help to take all the important management decisions (Moharana, 2010). For Example, with the improvisation of mobile technology and evolution of various digital techniques, the art of recording has taken a shift. The documents that were earlier stored as heavy paper files and now stored as a PDF and word documents and find their places in peoples laptops, pen drives, hard disks and even their mobile phones. As we know that the model of supply chain involves customers, retailers, distributers, suppliers manufactures and service providers and sharing of the information among all these partners is important for the better performance of the supply chain. There are many initiatives taken by the IT in supply chain management and these initiatives are: Development of smart phones Modern business models Online Transaction on the phone Internet and web services (R.Nair Raju, 2008). Mobile technology and Supply Chain Management Mobile technology plays crucial role as it has changed the lifestyle of people and also make a difference in the everyday business and the mobile technology is used by all the modern business. The performance of business activities is improved because of the increase in the number of mobile phones in the world and internet access regardless of the location of the users. The business is being rapidly replaced by the electronic environment because of the continuous improvements in mobile technology. From the era of 2000, the mobile phone industry has drastically taken a 360 degree change and many new applications and software have been introduced and web interactivity has increased and has reached at a next level to make it convenient for people. It is very easy to access every website on our mobile phones and we dont have to go at every place to get our work done and we can do our transactions sitting at homes through our mobile phones. The advancement has taken place in all the aspects in the mobile industry. The mobile phones were very simple in older days and now they are completely functional and can be used for various purposes. They have become so handy and light. They have all the features which the computers or laptops have these days. In 1990, the innovation of 2G took place, but it did not gain popularity during that year, but in the year 2005, it gained tremendous publicity and then 3G came into a market which has become very important now a days. In 2010, almost 60% of smart phone users use the 3G network as it is fast and convenient. It has become important for faster business transactions and now the trend of 4G has arrived which will take a few more years to gain publicity and for wider usage. This has made communication very easier and every country is focusing on improving its networks and better smart phones so that they can support the latest internet connection. At that point of time it was the first real mobile phone though in todays world, there are a huge number of mobile phones. Initially, the mobile phones were only meant for business, but not very famous for private use, but now it has gained enormous publicity and its use for personal purposes has also been widened. A case study of Lewis using mobile Technology Lewis, who owns a mobile company takes his company to an altogether new level by using advanced technology. It is very essential for any organization, to cope up with the changing environment in order to survive in the market. The introduction of new mobile technology reduces the cost and improves the productivity. Lewis has expanded his business to the next level and has performed phenomenally. He started his business from scratch and grew his business into a chain of eleven retail stores. The first four shops were opened from scratch, but in January 2014, Lewis bought PhoneBits, a group of three outlets, which he intends to operate under the Azzaz brand. Lewis is planning to set his foot in European market and has decided to open a warehouse in East of England and support the business by adding the element of ecommerce. Lewis wants to do this with nominal additional overheads (UES Team, 2013). Lewis plans to add b2c eCommerce functionality in business in order to make the two IT sy stems of Azzaz and PhoneBits work in harmony. Traditional versus modern approach- The traditional approach includes a huge number of intermediaries which makes reaching the product from manufacturer to consumer very slow which leads to wastage of time and customers have to wait for quite some time which is proved frustrating for customers as per the surveys done. On the other side, modern approach has reduced the number of intermediaries which has reduced the time, which is generally consumed in the traditional approach. In the traditional approach of commerce, there are many intermediating people like wholesalers, distributors, retailers between manufacturer and consumer. In B2C approach, manufacturers are able to sell the products directly to customers. This system of reduction of business layering which is responsible for intermediary functions is known as Disintermediation. However, in the business owned by Lewis, he is not the manufacturer he is only a retailer so instead of involving other intermediaries, he can directly b uy the product from the manufacturers which will not add to the cost (Rigby, 2015). Online transactions - The online purchasing in todays era has proved very beneficial. Lewis has planned to add a tint of ecommerce to reduce the time spent by customers on visiting the stores in person. However, Lewis wants to make the system flawless and wants to address all the queries which they face while purchasing the product online. (Addo-Tenkorang Helo, 2011). Impact of Mobile Technology on Supply chain management This report explains how the mobile technology makes the supply chain management more efficient, customer focused and agile. To understand the supply chain management the Micheal porter introduced a model that focuses on the seven dimensions which are customers, production systems, suppliers, logistics, HR and information technology. There are many benefits as well as challenges faced by the organization while adapting the digital techniques. The implementation of technological innovation creates competitive advantage because of the improvement in costs, quality of product as well as the access to information. Digital customers: - The mobile has a great impact in understanding the needs of customers by offering them digital product and customer services. This is possible by generating the online shopping websites through which the buying behavior of the customers can be easily identified. Trend mining becomes very easy with this approach. The challenge faced by this is that there are still some of the people resides who are unaware about the technology so those customers needs cannot be identified (Kearney, 2015). Digital archives and record managements: - There is a need to record the information of day to day transactions. Hence, Azzaz has adopted database management system in order to avoid any overlapping. This system makes the information properly stored and organized so that it can be easily accessed by the people who want the information. The end users have the power to create, edit, modify and delete and update the data. The DBMS takes care of three important elements: the data, the database engine that helps the people to access the data, secure it and edit it and the third is database schema, which explains what the logical structure of the database is. Improves productivity: - The implementation of the digital tools helps to improve the productivity of the goods as the most of the small activities now can be performed electronically like managing the information and data, entering of data of stock, etc. are now easily done by the digital way as a result of which the production houses now can focus more on the quality of product without any burden. Development of Mobile technology leads to tracking of Staff: - The adoption of the mobile technologies helps in improving the performance of the staff members through the various training and development programs to motivate them by informing them about their performance and shortcoming. This is possible only because of the tracking of the workforce by adopting the technologies. In todays era, every second person owns mobile phones and most of them are smart phones which affects the news production as well as news consumption. Every mobile phone has features of videos, photos, etc. to capture the news and disseminate it. The mobile phones are used by public to capture the news and send it to the respective channels to scatter the news worldwide. People have started taking interest in sharing the news with the public at large. The sources explain different types of aspects in which news is produced using mobile phones. The people who are at the site accidently and who are amateur send the data which is raw in nature and not at all refined (Pfohl, Yahsi, Kurnaz, 2015). Decision Making Support: - The Mobile technology in supply chain management helps in taking the best decisions for the optimal outcomes or to achieve the goals of the organization. The decision in the supply chain management is totally dependent on the changing environment and use of mobile technology by the customers. Conclusion The report demonstrates mobile technology initiatives that are currently working in the organization like online transactions, mobile phones and Internet, etc. and these all techniques proved best for the largest organization as they help to reduce the cost, time, efforts. It is vital that the mobile technologies in Supply chain management should be adequately maintained and preserved. Thus, according to my point of view, Shopify is the best software for Azzaz since it has many suitable advantages with fewer disadvantages. These can be summarized. Shopify covers many features and will help Azzaz manage and launch an online store. It also doesn't require any technical or complicated coding skills to get started and the software will grow as Azzaz grows. This also covers one important facility that is offline sales with the Shopify POS system. Shopify also offers telephonic customer support service and that too 24*7 and also through email and live chat. As a result, the implementation of the innovative techniques in supply chain management has made our lives simpler cannot be denied. The similarity between the functioning of the two has made their management simpler. No doubt, with the advancement of technology, preserving ones data has become as simple as any other day to day act. References Addo-Tenkorang, R., Helo, P. (2011). 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